Strategies Essay Example

Methodologies Essay There are numerous techniques that help advance changes yet it is hard to go over systems that take a shot at a long haul and perpetual premise. Kotter’s methodology with respect to the 8-phase process for authoritative change works because of its simplicity in reasonability and plainly characterized objectives. The principal stage entitled, â€Å"establishing a feeling of urgency† identifies with analyzing the market and what might work best just as looking at the emergency also. This guarantees there are less difficulties after a cautious assessment of the circumstance in this manner conveying a positive culture in the condition of progress. The second and third stage entitled, â€Å"creating the managing location† and â€Å"developing a dream strategy† help in explaining the targets and a group is accumulated for a total exertion. The fourth and fifth stage entitled, â€Å"communicating the change in vision† and â€Å"empowering expansive based actions† for the most part identify with instigating constructive outcomes in the association by helping the group comprehend the quintessence of progress and its need. The 6th stage entitled, â€Å"generating present moment wins† really empowers the group towards remunerations of any achievement that the association may accomplish through the change that has been consolidated by the association. The seventh stage entitled, â€Å"consolidating gains and creating more change† is planned for recruiting staff who can adequately work with the change in this way making the points of the authoritative change perpetual and further revitalizing the procedure with the new ventures. The last stage entitled, â€Å"anchoring new methodologies in the culture† principally targets supporting the adjustments in the association by following up on all the above stages in this way improving the authority advancement and progression on the loose. Thusly, Kotter’s eight-phase process incites a constructive outcome on the hierarchical change in this way helping the association accomplish its objectives. We will compose a custom article test on Strategies explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Strategies explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Strategies explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer REFERENCE: Mackinnon, Lauchlan A. K. (2007). Book Review: John Kotter on Change Management. Recovered online on the tenth of July, 2007 at http://lauchlanmackinnon.blogspot.com/2007/06/book-audit john-kotter-on-change.html

Discrimination Against Women Essay Example for Free

Oppression Women Essay The status of ladies in India has been dependent upon numerous incredible changes in the course of the last hardly any centuries. From equivalent status with men in antiquated occasions through the depressed spots of the medieval period,to the advancement of equivalent rights by numerous reformers, the historical backdrop of ladies in India has been astounding. In present day India, ladies have embellished high workplaces in India including that of the President, Prime pastor, Speaker of the Lok Sabha and Leader of the Opposition. Starting at 2011, the Speaker of the Lok Sabha and the Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha (Lower House of the parliament) both are ladies. Notwithstanding, ladies in India keep on confronting separation and other social difficulties and are regularly casualties of misuse and savage wrongdoings and, as indicated by a worldwide survey directed by Thomson Reuters, India is the fourth most risky nation on the planet for ladies, and the most noticeably terrible nation for ladies among the G20 nations. History Old India Researchers accept that in old India, the ladies delighted in equivalent status with men in all fields of life.[11] However, some others hold differentiating views.[12] Works by antiquated Indian grammarians, for example, Patanjali and Katyayana recommend that ladies were instructed in the early Vedic period[13][14] Rigvedic refrains propose that the ladies wedded at a develop age and were most likely allowed to choose their husband.[15] Scriptures, for example, Rig Veda and Upanishads notice a few ladies sages and diviners, strikingly Gargi and Maitreyi.[16] There are not many messages explicitly managing the job of women;[17] a significant special case is the Stri Dharma Paddhati of Tryambakayajvan, an authority at Thanjavur around c.1730. The content accumulates injuries on womenly conduct going back to the Apastamba sutra (c. fourth c. BCE).[18] The initial section goes: mukhyo dharmaH smr^tiShu vihito bhartr^shushruShANam howdy : ladies are ordered to be of administration to the ir spouses. A few realms in the antiquated India had customs, for example, nagarvadhu (lady of the hour of the city). Ladies contended to win the pined for title of the nagarvadhu. Amrapali is the most celebrated case of a nagarvadhu. As indicated by contemplates, ladies appreciated equivalent status and rights during the early Vedic period.[19] However, later (around 500 B.C.), the status of ladies started to decrease with the Smritis (esp. Manusmriti) and with the Islamic attack of Babur and the Mughal domain and later Christianity shortening womens opportunity and rights.[7] Although reformatory developments, for example, Jainism permitted ladies to be admitted to the strict request, all things considered, the ladies in India confronted control and restrictions.[19] The act of youngster relationships is accepted to have begun from around 6th century.[20]

How Long Does Restoril (Temazepam) Stay in Your System

How Long Does Restoril (Temazepam) Stay in Your System Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Print How Long Does Restoril (Temazepam) Stay in Your System? By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 22, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 21, 2020 Viacheslav Peretiatko / Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery In This Article Table of Contents Expand Effects Duration Detection Times Symptoms of Overdose Getting Help View All Back To Top Restoril (temazepam), which is prescribed as a short-term sleeping aid for people with insomnia, works by slowing activity in your brain.?? Because it can be habit-forming, its typically prescribed for no more than 10 days. The drug can be detected in your body from one to 90 days, depending on the type of detection test as well as other factors like dosage, age, weight, and metabolism. Restoril is in a class of drugs called benzodiazepines,  which are central-nervous-system depressants and Schedule IV  controlled substances.?? When combined with other depressants or alcohol, or when taken in large dosages, Restoril can cause  a loss of consciousness and respiratory failure, so its important to know how long it remains in your system to avoid negative drug interactions. How Long Does Restoril Stay in Your System? Blood: Up to 24 hoursUrine: Up to six weeksSaliva: Up to 24 hoursHair: Up to 90 days Benzodiazepine Uses, Indications, and Side Effects How Long Does It Take to Feel the Effects? Restoril is classified as a short- to intermediate-acting benzodiazepine. It begins to work in 10 to 20 minutes after you take a dose, with the levels peaking at about one and a half hours later.?? Its recommended that you only take Restoril if you are able to stay in bed for seven to eight hours before you have to get up again as the medication will be sedating you during that time period.?? The side effects most often noted from Restoril include: Feeling groggy the next dayDrowsinessHeadacheDizzinessNervousnessNauseaLethargyAnxietyDepressionDry mouthDiarrhea Though its uncommon, you may also have instances of sleepwalking, which can include engaging in activities such as driving, cooking, talking on the phone, and having sex with no memory of having done them.?? If you have side effects and they dont go away or theyre severe, be sure to tell your doctor. Side Effects of Restoril for Insomnia How Long Does Restoril Last? The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for half the drug to be eliminated from your system. It takes five to seven half-lives to clear out 98% of a drug dose. The amount of time a benzodiazepine remains in your system depends partly on what type it is:?? ultra-short, short, intermediate, or long-acting. Ultra-short benzodiazepines have a half-life of fewer than five hours, while short- to intermediate-acting benzodiazepines like Restoril have a half-life from five to 24 hours. Long-acting benzodiazepines have a half-life exceeding 24 hours. The average half-life of Restoril is around 9 hours. Restoril is metabolized by your liver with a half-life in two phases, one short and one long, and most of it is secreted in your urine. In general, the typical detection windows for benzodiazepines are as follows.?? Urine A typical therapeutic dose of Restoril will appear positive on a urine drug screen, such as those done for employment purposes, for five days to a week. Heavier or longer use may create a positive urine test for up to 6 weeks. Blood Restoril clears out of your bloodstream much faster than urine and is usually only detectable in blood for up to 24 hours. Saliva Restoril may be detectable in your saliva for 24 hours or more. Hair As with all drugs, Restoril can be detected in your hair starting two to three weeks after and for up to three months after your last dose. False Positive Testing There are some medications that may result in a false positive urine screen for Restoril. The antidepressant medication  Zoloft (sertraline)  and prescription non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Daypro (oxaprozin) reportedly can cause a false-positive urine test for benzodiazepines like Restoril.?? If you are taking Restoril and need to take a  drug screening for work, tell the testing laboratory so they can properly interpret your results.?? You may also want to let your employer or prospective employer know that youre taking Restoril ahead of time. How Long Drugs Can Be Detected in Your System Factors That Affect Detection Time How long Restoril is detectable in your body depends on many variables, including which kind of drug test is being used, your metabolism, weight, amount of body fat, hydration, how long youve been taking Restoril, and the amount of the drug taken.?? Age Your age can play a factor in the half-life of Restoril, with the average half-life being higher for healthy, elder adults than for healthy young adults. Weight Being overweight makes it more difficult for your body to break down Restoril, which can increase the half-life of the drug.   Metabolism People with a higher metabolism, which can depend on hydration, age, activity level, and other health conditions, tend to be able to excrete Restoril faster. Alcohol Misuse Combining alcohol and Restoril can result in a fatal overdose. Alcohol can increase Restorils sedative effects as well as make it harder for your body to break down the drug. Symptoms of Overdose Since Restoril is habit-forming, its important to take your prescription on the schedule and dosage your doctor prescribed.?? Misuse of the drug could result in an overdose, which can manifest with symptoms like: ConfusionDizzinessDrowsinessLoss of consciousnessDifficulty breathing If you think someone has overdosed on Restoril, call poison control at 1-800-222-1222. Get emergency help if the person has a seizure, loses consciousness, or has difficulty breathing. How to Recognize the Signs of Drug Overdose Allergic Reactions It is also possible to develop a severe allergic reaction to Restoril. Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room if you experience the following symptoms:?? RashHivesSwelling of your faceHoarsenessDifficulty breathing or swallowing Drug Interactions Avoid drinking alcohol, using street drugs, or taking opiates (such as codeine, hydrocodone, fentanyl, hydromorphone, meperidine, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, or tramadol) while taking Restoril as this increases your risk of developing life-threatening breathing problems, sedation, coma, or death.?? Other drugs that can potentially cause negative interactions with Restoril include: AntidepressantsAntihistamines like Benadryl (diphenhydramine)DigoxinAnxiety medicationsMedications for mental illness like antidepressants or antipsychoticsAntiepileptics (for seizures)Medications to treat painSedativesOther sleeping pillsTranquilizers Discuss all of your medications, whether prescription or over-the-counter, including supplements and vitamins, with your doctor so they can be adjusted to avoid serious drug interactions. Getting Help Its important to taper off Restoril gradually and under the guidance of your doctor. If you suddenly stop taking Restoril, you may experience a variety of benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms that can range from mild to severe and include:?? Depressed moodTrouble sleepingShakinessSweatingStomach and muscle crampsVomitingSeizures While Restoril is safe for most people who take it as advised, people with a history of alcohol or drug use disorders may be at risk for dependence. If you or someone you love is misusing Restoril, dont wait to get help. Schedule an appointment with your primary care doctor or mental health professional to discuss possible treatment options. Benzodiazepine Addiction and Dependence

Developing Sub Saharan Africa Essay - 1158 Words

Some of the world’s poorest countries, with some of the highest child labor and illiteracy rates lie in Sub Saharan Africa. People generally associate the region only with poor economic conditions and all of the social disorder that goes along with 3rd World Status. While some of this reputation is deserved, many people are also failing to see the vast potential for this part of the world. There are several factors that African governments should look into if they want to effectively and efficiently revamp this areas quality of life. One way to do so is by improving the more crucial aspects to healthy functioning region, for example, allowing children to possess their natural rights to a decent education. This could influence an increase†¦show more content†¦Not only do the citizens have to be proactive on solving this situation, but so do the African governments. The reason why Sub Saharan Africa is undergoing such a rapid growth of population is because of the desi re to have more male children. It is almost cultural that a family in this region is to have at least two male offspring (UNICEF). They believe men can help more with the family’s crops and laborious work than the females. Therefore, if a woman only bares female children, she will continually make every effort until she births a male, leaving the growing family with one jam-packed house. Men also have more of an economic opportunity in this region due to the fact that they are taken more seriously. If gender biased laws were put into place and were rigorously enforced, it will most certainly have a lasting impact for the better of Sub Saharan. Family size is also a huge contributor to the population catastrophe. Generally, a family in this region is consisted of around five to six children (Bridge). The reason for women to bare so many children is because of the high risk of infant mortality. Since children’s health has improved in the 1980’s, women continued to have the same number of kids. However, more lived, which then pushed fertility rates even higher (World Religions, Environment, Development 233). In order for Sub Saharan to stabilize their flourishingShow MoreRelatedWhat Role Does Foreign Aid Play? Developing Countries?1466 Words   |  6 PagesWhat Role Does Foreign Aid Play in Developing Countries? Many countries around the world receive foreign aid from the United States and other developed countries every year in large sums. This money is dispersed throughout the receiving country, it is the hope of the United States that this will help to create development economically and politically as well as promote the belief of democracy in these countries. The aid is intended to enhance infrastructure within the country so local institutionsRead MoreA Brief Note On Financial Development And Inequality Essay1414 Words   |  6 PagesFinancial Development and Inequality in sub-Saharan Africa The relationship between how developed a countries’ industry is and how much financial inequality persists within that country are not linear across the world. Many countries within Africa have developed numerous industries with only a small percentage of countries showing modest gains in levels of inequality. Through the analysis of 10 research papers and articles this hypothesis is supported with empirical examples. The result also confirmsRead MoreThe Backbone Of Any Health Care1503 Words   |  7 PagesThe backbone of any health care system in the world, is it’s health care professionals. The lack of health care professionals in developing countries due to their recruitment to developed countries is a global health issue which has negative impacts on the citizens of developing countries. The two respective authors Edward Mills and Gillian Brock argue about the abolition of recruitment of health workers from poor to rich nations and some of the global responsibilit ies that others countries haveRead MorePoor Electricity Supply And Lack Of Internet Connectivity1577 Words   |  7 Pagesand Moluh ( 2005) mentioned that most developing countries face many challenges ranging from disease epidemics and civil wars to disasters so EHR implementation may seem outside the priority agenda in this region. Akanbi et al., (2012) revealed that most EHRs in this region are sustained by funding from foreign partnerships, thereby raising the question about the sustainability of these systems by the domestic institutions. Many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa did not have a specific policy in placeRead MoreBantu Migrations Essay862 Words   |  4 PagesBantu migrations had a vast influence on the development of Africa. The Bantu peoples passed on many concepts to the rest of Sub-Saharan Africa. Originating from Nigeria in the Niger River Valley, the Bantu migrated south and then spread to both the east and west. The Bantu laid the foundation for Sub-Saharan A frican societies. They spread agriculture, animal domestication, iron metallurgy, and cultural development throughout southern Africa. Various forms of government have developed as a result ofRead MoreThe Poaching Of The Sub Saharan Africa1094 Words   |  5 PagesAnimals in Sub-Saharan Africa and its Effects on the Locals and the Economy Introduction Topic: The poaching of animals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Thesis: The illegal activity of killing animals in Sub-Saharan Africa has caused many short and long terms affects for this continent. Importance: This is important because poaching has affected the local people, the environment, and the economy and will continue for future generations. Topic Sentence: Trafficking animals in Sub-Saharan Africa has greatlyRead MoreHunger in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Astonishing Truth Behind Starvation1717 Words   |  7 Pagesmoment in sub-Saharan Africa, every 3 seconds a child under five dies from AIDS and hunger, and more than 90 percent of the people are suffering long term malnourishment. (World Health Organization) In addition to this, measles are taking the life of a boy almost every minute, when a measles vaccine cost less than $1. (WHO, World Health Organization) Things are moving in the wrong direction, says Marc Cohen (International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Washington). If we look at sub-SaharanRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography : The African Albino Epidemic1221 Words   |  5 PagesAnnotated Bibliography: The African Albino Epidemic For many years the targeting and murdering of people with Albinism has been occurring in sub-Saharan Africa for spiritual powers, good fortune, and monetary gain. As the world becomes more modern and civilized one would think that this would be coming to an end, instead it has increased over the years. Many solely blame witch doctors, however even with laws preventing this and witch doctors being arrested; the hunting of people with Albinism hasRead MoreA Relationship Between Growth And The Historical Context Of The Countries1414 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the aims for this essay is to establish whether there is a relationship between growth and the historical context of the countries. One could say that the obstacles to growth for developing countries could be based on the historical context of the countries. After receiving independence in the 1950 and 1960s, they regarded colonialism to be in the past and the only way was forward, aiming for economic development and prosperity ( development book pg1). However According (development book pg1)Read MoreThe University Of Texas Of The Permian Basin Essay1002 Words   |  5 PagesWhether it is not having clean water to drink or not being able to afford a new laptop. Poverty is very broad, without a single definition. Africa has the majority of the poorest countries in the world. With that being said, the overall African income levels have been dropping moderately to the rest of the world. Statistics show that in Sub-Saharan Africa, only 15% of women are agriculture landowners. There are different types of poverties, relative, absolute and subjective poverty. Relative poverty

The Right Or Privilege Of Voting - 970 Words

Many people of the modern day take for granted their right to vote. Assuming that it was a natural god given right that has been around since the dawn of politics, but that is not the case. Politics of the early to late 1800’s was paved with a road of tears, regret, blood, sweat, and most of all inequality. To understand some of the pitfalls and struggles some had faced, you must first understand some key concepts and terms. When referring to voting you may hear the terms franchise and suffrage come up quite often. Although both intertwine, they both have slightly different meanings. As defined in Wikipedia suffrage is the right or privilege of voting. Franchise is defined as the privilege or right granted by law, especially the right to vote in the election of public officials. Along this road of suffrage, there were some amendments that helped solidified the process. The issues of suffrage mostly involved African Americans. Without some of the following amendments, they would have never been given the right to vote. The first amendment that brought about major change was the 15th amendment. This amendment states that there will be no bar to vote based upon race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Although there were many ways states tried to work around this, this amendment was the first big step towards equality. The second amendment that bridged the gap of suffrage amongst Americans was the 19th amendment. This amendment was geared towards equal voting rights forShow MoreRelatedIs Voting A Right Or A Privilege?1993 Words   |  8 PagesWhen determining the criteria for a person to lose voting privileges based on them being classified a felon, I believe we should examine the circumstances surrounding them becoming a felon. If a person is committing a felony for purposes other than intentionally breaking the law this should make an impac t on the punishment. I think that what any reasonable person would have done in the circumstances of the offender should be taken into account by the Arkansas State Legislation. Criminal disenfranchisementRead MorePersuasive Speech : Bad Officials Are The Ones Elected By Good Citizens Who Do Not Vote 812 Words   |  4 Pagesreligious belief, and sexual orientation have the privilege to vote. What is sad about it is that they chose not vote. The power of voting in society is a privilege that most of us take advantage of. Why is it that we complain about having bad governors, presidents, and unwanted laws, and still chose not to vote? Do we not understand that we do have a voice and can use it to make our lives better? At one point in time, both men and women fought for their right to vote, because they had no voice. Was itRead MoreShould Felons Be Allowed to Vote? Essay794 Words   |  4 Pagespermanently restrict felons from voting while Vermont and Maine allow felons to vote while in prison. Proponents of felon re-enfranchisement believe felons who have paid their debt to society by completing their sentences should have all of their rights and privi leges restored. They argue that efforts to block ex-felons from voting are unfair, undemocratic, and politically or racially motivated. Opponents of felon voting say the restrictions are consistent with other voting limitations such as age, residencyRead MoreShould Felons Be Abolished?979 Words   |  4 Pages In lawmaking, there must be objective rights and wrongs. If not, than how can the disenfranchisement of nearly six million United States citizens be considered right? If those citizens have been convicted felons, many of which on multiple accounts- is their lack of sound judgement worthy of the right to vote alongside the rest of the law-abiding population? Many polls show that Americans feel that criminals shouldn’t be punished with disenfranchisement in addition to their initial sentence. SupportersRead MoreThesis1205 Words   |  5 PagesRationale: Electronic Voting for Global Vote for Rights by Children International – Tabaco is joining at the World Children’s Prize. It is an education program for all children. Their goal is to become more humane world, where children’s rights are respected by all. And there will be a new way of voting and to make voting process faster and easier. More than 2000 youth ages 12 – 18 yrs. Old are going to vote, first they will have their registration of the participant, next followed by voting process by ElectronicRead MoreThe Argument For Voting Rights873 Words   |  4 Pagesbecome part of a law-abiding society with the same privileges as others in the society, proponents for voting rights argue.† If they go through these things to become a part of society again, then why are they not allowed the right to vote? This must be an upsetting process for those felons that want to become a part of society again and actually care to make a difference. All that they w ant to do is to be granted one of the basic fundamental rights guaranteed to citizens. I mean that’s the least theyRead MoreThe Rights Movement And Civil Rights761 Words   |  4 Pages The right to vote, a power to participate in selecting leaders by ballot, derived from North America’s English origins (Kernell et al. 2014, p. 485). Throughout American History, voting rights began as privilege for those with a certain extent of wealth, a privilege that many had sought and longed for. Due process of many national movements, credited to the women’s suffrage movement and civil rights movement, the right to vote had evolved from the limited amount of eligible voters into a humanRead MoreFelony Disenfranchisement And Its Effects On The State Of Residency843 Words   |  4 Pagesdrastic effects on felons in their state of residency by preventing them from voting. English colonists brought disenfranchisement to America as a punishment for felons’ criminal behavior. Committing a crime showed that they were unfit to be included in political events. There is a lot of controversy about Disenfranchisement laws. Disenfranchisement varies in different states Maine and Vermont, felons never lose their right to vote, even when they are incarcerated. With this law that was made a lotRead MorePros And Cons Of Voting837 Words   |  4 PagesVoting is a privilege to do in this country. Until 1920 women could not vote, African Americans could not vote until 1965. There are still people to this day that have never voted. Jury duty is mandatory, why not voting? Voting should be mandatory because as citizens, is a right and a job to be able to decide the future of this country. In the United States, there are amendments regarding voting. The 12th Amendment, ratified in 1804, specified how the president and vice president are elected(Grover)Read MoreVoting Persuasive Essay934 Words   |  4 PagesYou Better Start Voting Currently in the world, there are a total of twenty-two countries where voting is mandatory. All though the most famous of them all is Australia, the majority of them are in South and Central America. Which includes our downstairs neighbor, Mexico. According to ThoughtCo, Voting is a civic duty comparable to other duties citizens perform such as; taxation and compulsory education, or jury duty (ThoughtCo). Although the that statement could not be any clearer, encouraging

Stereotypes Perception and Globally Connected World Free Essays

Persuasive Essay: Stereotypes exist because they are grounded in truth The term stereotype has been derived from the Greek words â€Å"stereos† and â€Å"typos† meaning solid and impression respectively. Hence stereotype means â€Å"solid impression† (Henry George). Nowadays this term refers to generalizations or assumptions that people make about the characteristics of all members of a group based on an image of what people in that group are like. We will write a custom essay sample on Stereotypes: Perception and Globally Connected World or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, black people are considered stronger than white people, Americans are considered friendly, tolerant but arrogant. Clearly these are assumptions and generalizations which are not applicable to everyone. If we just assume what a person is like and don’t judge them individually we are likely to make errors in estimating their characters (Stereotypes). There has been a lot of debate on this topic that stereotypes exist because they are grounded in truth. Although supporters of this view base their argument on the inherent nature of the people and how these stereotypes didn’t just come out of nowhere they fail to take into account the other side. Media, educational institutes and science can show why such stereotypes exist and that they are not based on truth. One of the dominant reasons of majority’s belief in stereotypes is the existence of an influential media that shapes the perceptions of this globally connected world. It indoctrinates the dominant views of the society into the minds of people. An example would be the Muslims image as seen in the west today. This stereotype regarding this that all Muslims are terrorists became prevalent in the west after the 9/11 incident and the media is directly responsible for this. After this incident a number of movies have been made which portrayed Muslims as terrorists and considering the amount of people who watch these movies, it becomes evident that such a stereotype is likely to be engrained in their minds. Besides, there are several other stereotypes promoted by media which have plagued the human society. Cartoon movies thoroughly enjoyed by children are full of stereotypes. For example the movie Cinderella reinforces the evil character of stepmother as is generally perceived. In Lady and the tramp, Siamese cats negatively portray Asians with heavy voices and odd accents, Arabs are shown as thieves and bad people as in the famous movie Aladdin How to cite Stereotypes: Perception and Globally Connected World, Papers

Lord of the Flies Research Paper Outline free essay sample

: LOTF and the platoon both portray the physiological breakdown in man bringing forth the inner savagery within all man through the characters similar behavior, as well as symbolism. I. In the lord of the flies a group of boys are well disciplined from adult, and societal influences (ego) and plunge into savagery with no rules after being stranded on an island. (Starts off as fun because theres no adults, then the situation sinks in) a. ) boys break into 2 groups 1. ) ralphs group-logical thinking/ doing the right thing/ realistic . ) jacks group- easy way out less worry no regard or foresight/ unrealistic b. ) groups go different ways. (fates of group) II). In the platoon a platoon of U. S. soldiers suffer through the constant mental fatigue that war places upon men. The men begin their tour as gung ho soldiers ready to fight, untill their situations sink in and the stress of war outside and inside the platoon effect its ability to function and colaborate as a unit A. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies Research Paper Outline or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ) Breaks off into two squads. 1). sgt barnes group- brutal, and reckless squad, bend rules/ unnecessary risk . )sgt elias squad- use their training and tactics. obey rules from C. O. stick to obj. III. ) in both of these stories both groups are forgotten by the outside world in some ways. A. ) LOTF- their plane crashes into an island where no one knows about their disappearance because the rest of the world is at war. 1. ) this being so there are no rules for the boys to follow and no influence on them 2. ) boys must make their own rules and fend for themselves a. )quote about meeting, and the conch (analized) 3. difficulties governing themselves and keeping order (two competing groups) (CREATED HIERARCHY) 4). because boys are not fully civilized they easily become savage and malicious B. ) Platoon- The soldiers are fighting a war no one wants to be a part of. No one in the world cared about the vietnam war except for the men fighting it. the members in this platoon were depicted as very detached from the rest of the war. 1. ) this platoon all alone seemed as if the soldiers were fighting their own war 2. ) followed a chain of command in order to govern themselves a. two sgts that had different views to fighting, and leading. 3. ) resulting in trouble leading the platoon and leading them as a whole b. ) fighting within the platoon (savagery of war leached into platoon fighting within) IV. ) with both of these groups forgotten, and totally on their own the rules to what is right and what is wrong is entirely distorted. both groups use what they believe to be right in order to survive. A. ) LOTF With no adults around to keep control. the boys are fending for themselves trying to make a democracy. (holding meetings, votes and organization) . ) disputes in the group on how to lead causes the group to break into 2 groups (Quote by jack when he breaks off to form his own group) a. ) Jacks group-savage, id-ego, where jack controls all the boys rules with fear dictatorship uses savage insticts (no priorities but hunting) b. )ralphs group- ego, attempts by going with what grownups would do (set priorities) (motivated to get off the island) B. ) the platoon is directly related with a similar situation where the platoon is alone with a single objective to accomplish by working as a unit. 1. the two sgts have a falling out on how to lead, and how to reach objective. (also split into two groups) a. ) sgt barnes- the more violent/agressive sgt, id-ego, impulsive. (JACK) b. ) sgt alias- the level headed sgt, relies on training, tactics,better judgement (RALPH) V. ) The stress on each of the groups cause a mental deterioration in both of these stories, and on leaders of all 4 groups. ( each using something to help get them cope) A. ) LOTF 1. ) jack uses masks of mud, clay and blood to make themselves feel like different person then he really was. quote on jack when he made his first mask) a. ) makes it easier to kill and hunt where without the mask jack wasnt able to kill a pig because he was too squeamish b. ) it made jack a different more savage person c. ) worked in the end. showing that savagery is within all humans 2. ) ralph was able to lead by using what he learned from adults as a means of survival. even if it didnt always make sence ralph trusted on what he belived the adults would do in this situation. a. ) kept ralph hopeful that his reliance on adult like behavior would get him rescued. b. clung to the belief that society would prevail. c. ) he was wrong when his group was killed, or joined jacks group. d. ) occasionally caves to savagery when getting caught up in hunting games. B. ) the platoon 1. ) Sgt barnes proves himself to be like jack when he plunges into a state of savagery to fight the war in his own way using violence and instincts to anilate any vietnamese in his warpath a. ) one scene he holds a young girl at gun point threating to kill her if civilians dont give him information b. another scene he runs through trenches that are being over run, with no weapon but a shovel killing everyone in his path and almost one of his own men c. ) ironically also wears camouflage face pai nt. (mask) 2. ) sgt alias is exactly like jack in the sense that he uses his training and what he is tought to lead his men into battle using planned strategy. a. ) his reliance on his knowledge and experience kept him alive b. ) trusted his orders. c. ) wrong when he went on a one man assault on a large squad of vietnamise to lead by the platoon time to get away. would have lived but barnes told the helicopters to take off without him

Reasons Why Investment Trusts Trade at a Discount The WritePass Journal

Reasons Why Investment Trusts Trade at a Discount Abstract Reasons Why Investment Trusts Trade at a Discount Abstract IntroductionReasons for discounting Investment TrustsMisestimating the Net Asset Value (NAV)Agency Costs and Managerial AbilityTaxesInvestor SentimentConclusion ReferencesRelated Abstract The fact that investment trusts and close-end funds in general trade at a discount has elicited debates among financial scholars and practitioners, often referred to as the closed-end puzzle. Based on this, this paper explores and explains some of the reasons that investment trusts trade at a discount. It also provides an in-depth explanation of characteristics of close-ended funds and conditions that lead to the classification of the share price as either a discount or a premium. Investment trusts trading at a discount are those trading at prices that are below their net asset value. Those trading at a price higher than the net asset value are considered as being sold at a premium. Some of the main reasons that are explored in this paper include miscalculation of the net asset values of the investment trust, taxes on realized capital gains, agency costs, managerial abilities and investor sentiment. Even with the explanations that are provided in this paper, the closed-end fund prize puzzle continues to be debated upon and researched. Introduction The fact that investment trusts often trade at a discount is an aspect that has drawn interests from academics and practitioners in the field of finance. To have a better understanding of these reasons, it is ideal to provide an exhaustive definition of investment trusts. Investment trusts, which are typical to the United Kingdom, are defined by Barnhart and Rosenstein (2010) as types of investment firms that are formed with the primary aim of holding securities for other companies and the obtainment of capital from the public issue of shares trading on the stock market. They are also referred to as closed-end funds because they only offer a fixed quantity of shares that new investors can purchase from already existing shareholders (Hartzell et al., 2006). The prices of shares of investment trusts are determined by the forces of supply and demand in the share market. As a consequence, there are incidents where the price of a share may either be higher or lower than its net asset valu e. Whenever a share trades at a price that is higher than its net asset value, it is considered to be trading at a premium. On the contrary, if a share trades at a value that is lower that its net asset value, it is considered to be trading at a discount (Berk Stanton, 2007). In this regard, this report intends to discuss reasons why they trade at a discount. Reasons for discounting Investment Trusts One main characteristic of investment trusts and closed-end funds in general is the fact that they are permanent capital ventures and thus, the shares’ supply is fixed (Chan et al., 2008). Numerous attempts that have been made by researchers and practitioners to explain the investment trust discounts, and have resulted in conflicting results, commonly referred to as the closed-end fund puzzle. Even though these funds are known to trade at discounts, it is important to note that newly opened investment trusts and closed-end funds in general, usually begin trading at a premium of approximately 10% of their net asset value. After their initial premium trading, they shift towards trading at a discount that is at average rate of 10% within the first 120 days. After which, discounts remain substantial. In case closed-end funds are closed or terminated, there is an increase in their share prices, which in turn eliminates the existent discounts (Cherkes et al., 2009). Explanations for investment trust discounts that have been made by researchers include the risk of liquidity, the past and future performance of shares on the market and the miscalculation of the fund’s net asset value. Investor sentiment is also another reason for discount trading in investment trusts (Yanran Liyan, 2007). This section intends to provide a more in-depth discussion of these reasons. Misestimating the Net Asset Value (NAV) This reason has been pointed out by Halkos and Krintas (2006), who argue that such miscalculations of the NAV can result from a possible accumulation of capital gains illiquid assets that had not been realized. The reason why funds with high capital appreciations that have been unrealized ought to trade at a discounted share price is that potential holders of such funds will assume a potential tax liability. In a research that was carried out by Kousenidis et al. (2011) on the effect of liquidity on closed-end funds, he established that there is a possibility of illiquid assets to be traded at a discount to provide higher expected returns. In support of inaccuracy of NAV measurement as a reason for discounts in closed-end fund trading, Yanran and Liyan(2007)suggested that when closed-end funds own large amounts illiquid assets or restricted stock that are not fairly trading in the market, their NAVs can fail to provide an accurate reflection of their true value. As a consequence of this, the shares might either trade at a lower or higher value than the NAV. Investment trust discounts are also affected by restricted stock holdings. However, given that such holdings are often quite small or at a zero value, they do not hold as valid reasons for investment trusts trading at a discount. For investment trusts, there is usually no assurance that there will always be an available market. Therefore, this lack of an assured redemption of shares makes their valuation to be discounted. In addition to this, investment trusts that hold relatively liquid securities are valued lower than their net asset values (NAVs) at the marketpla ce (Cherkes et al., 2009). Putting appropriate measures in place to avoid miscalculation of the trust net asset value is vital to solve this issue. Agency Costs and Managerial Ability Discounts in closed-end funds could be a reflection of poor performance in the management of the fund or an overcharge of management fees (Bradley et al., 2010). Agency costs may also vary according to the agency issues or conflicts that may occur due to different interests between agents and principals. Managerial abilities have also been listed by researchers as being among the main factors that determine whether investment trusts can trade at a premium or a discount. The theory that investment trusts can trade at a discount if the managers charge a fee was originally proposed by Boudreaux in 1973 (Berk Stanton, 2007). He suggested that if fund managers charge investors a fee but fail to add value to their investments, then the value of the fund is likely to be less than its NAV. In a case where managers add value to the investment trust, the reason why it might trade at a discount is when investors are made to believe that the funds’ managers are not good at investing thei r funds. If investors believe that their money is being managed by people who are good at selecting viable investments, then the fund will trade at a premium. In a research carried out on the ownership of closed-end funds Cherkes et al.(2009) established that investment trusts with larger percentage of insider ownership are likely to trade at higher discounts. This is because investors of funds that are selling at higher discounts stand a chance of receiving windfall gains in case the funds undergo immediate liquidation at their net asset value. He also established that higher expense ratios lead to higher discounts of funds because management fees are considered as being deadweight losses. Thus, discounts are used to represent the capitalization of the management fees value. Management of trusts also affects their future performances in the market, which also determine whether investment trusts are to be traded at a discount or premium. Halkos and Krintas (2006) argue that in cases where investment trusts are managed in a highly professional manner and with a positive track record, investors may have the will to pay a premium for a share of the funds. This is also due to the fact that such trusts are often expected to maintain their superior performances in future. On the other hand, funds that are expected to underperform in the market are expected to be traded at higher discounts, mainly because of the scepticism that potential investors may have for the fund (Berk Stanton, 2007). Estimation of future performance of investment trusts can be done by comparing trends in the NAV, which are estimated on a frequent basis. It can also be done by evaluating the managerial capabilities of the fund. It can be thus argued that investment trusts whose management has a good reputation tend to perform well in the market and therefore, trade at a premium. On the contrary, poorly managed trusts fail to thrive in the market and therefore, are likely to trade at a discount. Taxes Another reason why investment trusts trade at a discount is taxes. According to Jin(2006), full taxes on the realized capital gains of a fund are paid for by the current shareholders, even though the highest percentage of their gains was accumulated before the investors bought the shares. Based on this, it can be argued that funds whose accumulated gains are large ought to trade at a price lower than their NAVs also suggests that investment trusts that have a high appreciation of unrealized capital sell at discounts because holders of such funds assume potential tax liabilities that depend on the holding periods of the investors. Berk and Stanton (2007) posit that discounts in closed-end funds are partially caused by the fact that investors usually lose valuable opportunities to trade tax because of holding shares in closed-end funds. Some of the tax trading approaches include individual portfolio movement. On comparing British and U.S. closed-end funds, Cherkes et al.(2009) establis hed that British funds do not have the freedom of distributing capital gains as the US funds do. In addition, shareholders have no liability in case the invested capital gains tax, except if they decide to put the holdings that they have in the fund up for sale. Yet U.S. and British closed-end funds behave in a quite similar manner. Thus, it can be concluded that discounts in investment trusts and closed-end funds cannot be explained based on country-specific tax factors. Investor Sentiment Many researchers have focused on the aspect of investor sentiment as a reason for discounts in investment trust trading. This hypothesis was proposed Lee, Shleifer and Thaler in 1991 (Yanran Liyan, 2007). According to them, premiums and discounts in closed-end funds are determined by the attitudes of opinions that investors have about them. To explain this hypothesis, two kinds of investors are identified. These are the noise investors and rational investors. Whereas the expectations of rational investors on their asset returns are rational, noise investors’ expectations are influenced by sentiment. They have the tendency of either overestimating or underestimating the expected returns on investment. Therefore, when investment trust shares are traded, noisy and rational investors make their investments based on their respective judgments. Due to the risk associated with assets and the fact that every investor is risk averse, closed-end funds ought to trade at equilibrium pric es that reflect opinions of the noisy and rational investors, which are often discounts. A proposal was made by Halkos and Krintas (2006) that noisy investors tend to concentrate more on the closed-end fund ownership than on the ownership of the underlying assets of the funds. Pessimism by noise traders on the future of fund drives down its price to a value lower than its NAV. This causes rational investors to avoid the buying the fund’s shares because of the risks associated with trading the funds at a discount. Chan et al. (2008) also argue that the sentiment of noise traders is stochastic and, therefore, cannot be accurately predicted by rational traders. Particularly, it is impossible for rational investors to make a perfect forecast whether noise investors will either be pessimistic or optimistic at the time that they intend to sell their assets. Due to the fact that rational traders are careful about the prices with which they will resale their assets, the unpredictable nature of noise traders’ sentiment increases the level of risk on the assets they intend to trade (Kousenidis et al., 2011). The biggest risk associated with noise investors is that they will be pessimistic at the time when rational investors intend to sell their assets, causing a drop in prices. Since there is always a risk of an adverse sentiment shift, the possibility of trading shares at a discount is always existent (Yanran Liyan, 2007). Conclusion This paper has provided an in-depth explanation of some of the reasons why investment trusts usually trade at a discount. Apart from this, other aspects of investment trusts have been explained. One of the main characteristics of investment trusts that has guided the establishment of reasons discussed in this paper is that it is a closed-end fund. This means that supply of shares is fixed, regardless of the market dynamics. Therefore, fluctuations of these funds that result into premiums or discounts are mainly caused by demand factors. The main reasons why investment trusts trade at discounts include the attitudes that investors have on the fund, commonly referred to as investor sentiment, agency costs and managerial abilities, taxes and miscalculation of the net asset value of the fund. However, the factor that is contented upon by most researchers in this field of finance is investor sentiment, which is a behavioural approach of understanding this concept. Some of the other reason s that have been cited in several other researchers include the institutional ownership and performance of the trust in the market. In future research, a more specific research could be carried out by focusing on a specific investment trust in the UK. References Barnhart, S.W. Rosenstein, S., 2010. Exchange†Traded Fund Introductions and Closed†End Fund Discounts and Volume. Financial Review, 45(4), pp.973-94. Berk, J.B. Stanton, R., 2007. Managerial Ability, Compensation, and the Closed†End Fund Discount. The Journal of Finance, 62(2), pp.529-56. Bradley, M., Brav, A., Goldstein, I. Jiang, W., 2010. Activist arbitrage: A study of open-ending attempts of closed-end funds. Journal of Financial Economics, 95(1), pp.1-19. Chan, J.S., Jain, R. Xia, Y., 2008. Market segmentation, liquidity spillover, and closed-end country fund discounts. Journal of Financial Markets, 11(4), pp.377-99. Cherkes, M., Sagi, J. Stanton, R., 2009. A liquidity-based theory of closed-end funds. Review of Financial Studies, 22(1), pp.257-97. Halkos, G.E. Krintas, T.N., 2006. Behavioural and fundamental explanations of discounts on closed end funds: an empirical analysis. Applied Financial Economics, 16(5), pp.395-404. Hartzell, J.C., Sun, L. Titman, S., 2006. The effect of corporate governance on investment: evidence from real estate investment trusts. Real Estate Economics, 34(3), pp.343-76. Jin, L., 2006. Capital gains tax overhang and price pressure. The Journal of Finance, 61(3), pp.1399-431. Kousenidis, D.V., Maditinos, D.I. Ã…  ević, ., 2011. Premium/Discount Of Closed-End Funds As A Measure Of Investor Sentiment: Evidence From Greece. Journal of Applied Business Research, 27(4), pp.29-52. Yanran, W. Liyan, H., 2007. Imperfect Rationality, Sentiment and Closed end fund Puzzle. Economic Research Journal, 3, pp.117-29.

Overview of Atlantic Spotted Dolphin

Overview of Atlantic Spotted Dolphin Atlantic spotted dolphins are active dolphins found in the Atlantic Ocean. These dolphins are distinctive for their spotted coloration, which is present only in adults.   Fast Facts About the Atlantic Spotted Dolphin   Atlantic spotted dolphins are 5-7.5 feet longThey weigh 220-315 poundsThey are often seen in the Bahamas and other warm parts of the Atlantic Ocean Identification Atlantic spotted dolphins have a beautiful spotted coloration that gets darker as the dolphin ages.  Adults have dark spots while calves and juveniles have dark gray backs, lighter gray sides, and a white underside.   These dolphins have a prominent, white-tipped beak, stout bodies, and a prominent dorsal fin.   Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataSubphylum: VertebrataSuperclass: Gnathostomata, TetrapodaClass: MammaliaSubclass: TheriaOrder: CetartiodactylaSuborder: CetancodontaInfraorder: CetaceaSuborder: OdontocetiSuperfamily: OdontocetiFamily: DelphinidaeGenus: StenellaSpecies: frontalis Habitat and Distribution Atlantic spotted dolphins are found in the Atlantic Ocean from New England to Brazil in the west and along the coast of Africa in the east. They prefer tropical, subtropical and warm temperate waters. These dolphins are found in groups that may number more than 200 animals, although they are more often found in groups of 50 or less.   They are acrobatic animals that may leap and bowrider  in the waves created by boats. It is possible that there are two populations of Atlantic spotted dolphins - a coastal population and an offshore population. Offshore dolphins seem to be smaller and have fewer spots. Feeding Atlantic spotted dolphins have 30-42 pairs of cone-shaped teeth. Like other toothed whales, they use their teeth for grasping, rather than chewing, prey.  Their preferred prey are fish, invertebrates, and cephalopods. They usually stay near the ocean surface but may dive up to 200 feet when foraging.  Like other dolphins, they use  echolocation  to find prey. Reproduction Atlantic spotted dolphins are sexually mature when they are between 8-15 years old. The dolphins mate sexually but males and females are not monogamous.  The gestation period is about 11.5 months, after which a single calf about 2.5-4 feet long is born. Calves nurse for up to 5 years. It is thought these dolphins can live about 50 years.   How Would You Like to Talk to a Dolphin? Atlantic spotted dolphins have a complex repertoire of sounds. In general, their main sounds are whistles, clicks, and burst pulse sounds. The sounds are used for long and short range communication, navigation and orientation. The Wild Dolphin Project  studies these sounds in dolphins in the Bahamas and is even trying to develop a two-way communication system between dolphin and humans. Conservation The Atlantic spotted dolphin is listed as data deficient on the IUCN Red List. Threats may include incidental catches in fisheries operations and hunting. These dolphins are occasionally caught in directed fisheries in the Caribbean, where they are hunted for food.

Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Religion - Essay Example 206-207). The underlying idea behind the black womanist liberation theory is the liberation, freedom and respect of black women and all other people from all ages, genders, races, sexual tendencies, and ecologies. Moreover, black womanist theologians highlight that the unique experiences of their female ancestors have an immense importance in relation to the idea of God and survival in this world (Kamitsuka & American Academy of Religion, pp. 12-18). From example, notable black womanist theologian Jacquelyn Grant while presenting her critique on the white feminist theology and its racism expressed that black women are the ones that have felt and experienced Jesus more closely as anyone else because of the fact that their suffering have made sense Jesus as their co-suffer (Isherwood & McEwan, pp. 68-70). Since Jesus represented the divine incarnation of the Almighty, therefore they are in turn more closely to the creator of the world. Jesus opted for himself the life of despair, tyranny, inequ ality, weakness, and misery and the same has been the case with the black women, and they are blessed to be a part of the same situation in which Jesus lived his life to give a message to the World (Kamitsuka & American Academy of Religion, pp. 12-18). Therefore, the claim of the black womanist theologians is to own their history, learn from it and aim at creating at a better tomorrow for their upcoming generations (Bradley, pp. 206-207). However, the white feminist theology focuses more on oppression of females in general. This theology aims at recreating the role of women as religious authority in their respective religions to earn respect and power, removal or gender related or more specifically male related elements from the concept of God making it more acceptable to females (Isherwood & McEwan, pp. 68-70). Furthermore, highlighting and glorifying the role and image of females as mothers and wives that are the key stones of the society and the lives of the

Continuous Assessment on International Human Trafficking Law Essay

Continuous Assessment on International Human Trafficking Law - Essay Example The practical difficulties will first be explored by outlining the historical developments of anti-human trafficking international law. Secondly, this paper will analyse the European Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings 2005 (Convention of 2005) and the ECHR’s approach to international human trafficking in Ranstev v Cyprus and Russia (2010). Finally this paper will recommend appropriate amendments that can improve the Convention of 2005. I. Historical Developments in International Human Trafficking Law Trafficking in human beings has a long â€Å"legal and political history†.2 The term human trafficking was first used in internationally during the early part of the 20th century and even then it was confined to issues relative to white slavery which was a term used in connection with forced prostitution. Therefore the first anti-trafficking convention at international law was the International Agreement for the Suppression of the White Slave Traffic 1 904 which attempted to eliminate the criminal trafficking of females for â€Å"immoral purposes†.3 By 1927, the term white slavery was discontinued as it was perceived to be inadequate in terms of reflecting the real nature of the problem of international human trafficking. As a result a number of international conventions were adopted including the League of Nations’ Suppression of the Trafficking in Women and Children 1921 and the Suppression of the Traffic in Women of Full Age 1933. Neither or these conventions offered a definition of trafficking and were largely concerned with the forced prostitution of women across borders. Moreover, these conventions only dealt with the issue of recruitment as it was perceived that detention in brothels fell outside of international law.4 The United Nations adopted the Convention on Suppression of Trafficking and Exploitation of Prostitution in 1949 which had three significant shortcomings. First it was not a binding convention i n the sense that it only called for cooperation. Secondly, it was based on self-reporting and thirdly, it did not define the term human trafficking.5 The assessment of human trafficking would therefore differ from state to state as each country would have its own definition of trafficking and self-reporting, regardless of how objective could not reflect the real nature of the problem internationally. Moreover, the voluntary cooperative nature of the 1949 Convention could not provide an effective obligation or commitment to reporting and cooperating on the appropriate responses to international human trafficking. By the decades of the 1990s, national governments, intergovernmental organizations and non-governmental organizations became increasingly concerned about the problems associated with transnational criminal organizations and the attending problems of human trafficking. Thus the UN implemented the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime in 2000. At the same time th e UN adopted the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children (Anti-Trafficking Protocol 2000).6 Significantly, the Anti-Trafficking Protocol 2000 provided for an agreed upon definition of human trafficking, therefore facilitating a harmonized approach to defining human trafficking and as a result

Football Referees: Friends or Foes Essay example -- essays research pa

Football Referees: Friends or Foes? In football referees can be categorized into three types –Blind, Deaf, and Dumb. Being a football player myself, I have experienced all of these different types and I am still trying to discover which one I like best. The referees categorized as blind were cursed with the inability to see more than two feet in front of their faces. No matter how blatantly obvious a penalty appears to be, this type of referee will flabbergast the stadium by making no call. In fact, the absence of penalties has led fans of the game to speculate as to the real cause of these referees’ optical challenges. Some suggest that perhaps their eyes have nothing wrong with them at all. Just maybe, the bright stadium lights draw in all of their attention. While they focus on the lights, watching the game becomes nearly impossible. Another suggestion is that they left their glasses in their other striped shirt and the whole game is nothing but a blur. Regardless of the cause of their visual disturbance, blind refs continue to shock the crowd with their inability to see the game as well as any fan seated in the cheap seats of the stadium. The referees labeled as deaf I like to consider as the aristocrats of all the referees. These refs believe that they were born with a superior ability to see the game. They believe that wherever they position themselves on the field, they have the capability to see the game better than any other individual. This â€Å"ability† of thei...

Effects of Too Much Technology in Children Essay

The effects of technology can be serious; from children not making it outside to ADD and ADHD. Most children spend more time in front of a television than they do playing outside with friends (â€Å"TV†). As more technology comes out every day, we have to set a limit for children. Being around too much technology can eventually affect you mentally. There are a lot of things now that could bring on ADD or ADHD, but there could be another cause. Studies have shown that technology is starting to play a major part. A study at Iowa State University showed that people who play video games for more than two hours a day have double the chances of developing an attention disorder (Pytel). Using too much technology can definitely affect someone mentally. Another setback about using too much technology is that it’s driving children away from going outside and playing with friends. Some children’s only contact with nature is through Discovery Channel or Nation Geographic Channel. You will barely ever see kids playing at the local park anymore. Not only has too much technology lead to driving kids away from nature, but also childhood obesity, laziness, and addiction to games and internet because of it. Parents need to take action and take their kids outside instead of letting them sit in front of a TV all day long (Mehta). Taking action is a must in order for kids to get away from the technological world. A big part of kids not making it outside is because of the media world advertising things electronic. Nowadays, everything from a cereal box to a TV show or commercial is advertising either a game or a TV show. Something’s advertise online virtual worlds that you can make your own â€Å"you†. Not only could this bring your child to more technology, but let them live in a virtual world and not the real world. Companies make online games that you have to tend to every day or you will lose coins or some sort of virtual money, thus bringing children even closer to the world of technology. Another thing is that television advertisements. On almost every children’s TV show there is a commercial for some video game or TV show that they just have to see. When kids see other kids, for example, playing video games online or off, they think that it’s okay to do that too. Notice that companies never set a limit on how much you can play every day. Instead of advertising video games, why don’t they start advertising getting outside and getting moving? Advertisements are a huge influence on kids. Too much technology usage can affect a child seriously. From childhood obesity and game addictions to ADD and ADHD, technology is starting to effect the next generation of tomorrow in a negative way.

The U.S. Constitution Articles, Amendments and Preamble

In just four hand-written pages, the Constitution gives us no less than the owners manual to the greatest form of government the world has ever known. Preamble While the Preamble has no legal standing, it explains the purpose of the Constitution and reflects the goals of the Founders for the new government they were creating.The Preamble explains in just a few words what the people could expect their new government to provide them -- the defense of their liberty. Article I - The Legislative Branch Article I, Section 1Establishes the  legislature  -- Congress -- as the first of the three branches of governmentArticle I, Section 2Defines the  House of RepresentativesArticle I, Section 3Defines the  SenateArticle I, Section 4Defines how members of Congress are to be elected, and how often Congress must meetArticle I, Section 5Establishes procedural rules of CongressArticle I, Section 6Establishes that members of Congress will be paid for their service, that members cannot be detained while traveling to and from meetings of Congress, and that members can hold no other elected or appointed federal government  office while serving in Congress.Article I, Section 7Defines the legislative process --  how bills become lawsArticle I, Section 8Defines the  powers of CongressArticle I, Section 9Defines the legal limitations on Congress powersArticle I, Section 10Defines specific powers denied to the states Article II, Section 1 Establishes the offices of the  President  and Vice President, establishes the  Electoral CollegeArticle II, Section 2Defines the  powers of the President  and establishes the  Presidents CabinetArticle II, Section 3Defines miscellaneous duties of the PresidentArticle II, Section 4Addresses the removal from office of the President by  impeachment Article III -- The Judicial Branch Article III, Section 1 Establishes the  Supreme Court  and defines the terms of service of all U.S. federal judgesArticle III, Section 2Defines the  jurisdiction of the Supreme Court  and lower federal courts, and guarantees trial by jury in criminal courtsArticle III, Section 3Defines the crime of treason Article IV -- Concerning the States Article IV, Section 1 Requires that each state must respect the laws of all other statesArticle IV, Section 2Ensures that citizens of each state will be treated fairly and equally in all states, and requires the interstate extradition of criminalsArticle IV, Section 3Defines how new states may be incorporated as part of the United States, and defines the control of federally-owned landsArticle IV, Section 4Ensures each state a Republican form of Government (functioning as a representative democracy), and protection against invasion Article V  -  Amendment Process Defines the method of  amending the Constitution Article VI  -  Legal Status of the Constitution Defines the Constitution as the supreme law of the United States Article VII  -  Signatures Amendments The first 10 amendments comprise  the Bill of Rights. 1st AmendmentEnsures the five basic freedoms: freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom to assemble and freedom to petition the government to remedy (redress) grievances2nd AmendmentEnsures the right to own firearms (defined by the Supreme Court as an individual right)3rd AmendmentEnsures private citizens that they cannot be forced to house U.S.soldiers during peace4th AmendmentProtects against police searches or seizures with out a warrant issued by a court and based on probable cause5th AmendmentEstablishes the rights of citizens accused of crimes6th AmendmentEstablishes the rights of citizens in regard to trials and juries7th AmendmentGuarantees the right to trial by jury in federal civil court cases8th AmendmentProtects against cruel and unusual criminal punishments and extraordinarily large fines9th AmendmentStates that just because a right is not specifically listed in the Constitution, does not mean that right should not be respected10th AmendmentSt ates that powers not granted to the federal government are granted either to the states or the people (the basis of  federalism)11th AmendmentClarifies the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court12th AmendmentRedefines how the  Electoral College  chooses the President and Vice President13th AmendmentAbolishes slavery in all states14th AmendmentGuarantees citizens of all states rights on both the state and federal level15th AmendmentProhibits the use of race as a qualification to vote16th AmendmentAuthorizes the collection of income taxes17th AmendmentSpecifies that U.S. Senators will be elected by the people, rather than the state legislatures18th AmendmentProhibited the sale or manufacture of alcoholic beverages in the U.S. (Prohibition)19th AmendmentProhibited the use of gender as a qualification to vote (Womens Suffrage)20th AmendmentCreates new starting dates for sessions of Congress, addresses the death of Presidents before they are sworn in21st AmendmentRepealed the 18th Amend ment22nd AmendmentLimits to two the number of 4-year terms a President can serve.br/>23rd AmendmentGrants the District of Columbia three electors in the  Electoral College24th AmendmentProhibits the charging of a tax (Poll Tax) in order to vote in federal elections25th AmendmentFurther clarifies the process of  presidential succession26th AmendmentGrants 18-year olds the right to vote27th AmendmentEstablishes that laws raising the pay of members of Congress cannot take effect until after an election